The University of Southampton

ELEC1205 Solid State Devices

Module Overview

To introduce the electronic properties of semiconductors and semiconductor devices.

Aims & Objectives

Aims

Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

Understand the nature of semiconducting materials
Understand the physics that influences the presence of charge carriers in a semiconductor
Describe the factors that influence the flow of charge in semiconductors
Describe the operation of semiconductor devices
Calculate voltage and current changes in semiconductor devices

Subject Specific Intellectual

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to:

Develop understanding of solid state physics
Develop analytical approaches to understanding semiconductor devices
Meet this module's contribution to the subject specific intellectual learning outcomes of ELEC1029.

Transferable and Generic

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to:

Develop analytical approaches to understanding complex physical systems
Undertake laboratory experiments
Complete a formal report on laboratory experiments
Meet this module's contribution to the transferable and generic learning outcomes of ELEC1029.

Subject Specific Practical

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to:

Use knowledge of physics to understand the behavior of semiconductor devices
Apply appropriate mathematical techniques to solve semiconductor problems
Understand the operation of semiconductor devices
Apply appropriate techniques to solve semiconductor device problems
Apply appropriate laboratory techniques to measure semiconductor properties
Apply appropriate laboratory techniques to measure semiconductor device characteristics
Meet this module's contribution to the subject specific practical learning outcomes of ELEC1029.

Syllabus

SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND SEMICONDUCTORS

• Crystalline and microcrystalline materials, lattices, glasses

• Energy levels, bandgaps, electrons and holes

• Direct and indirect semiconductors (energy-momentum diagrams)

• Carrier concentrations, Fermi Levels and Density of States

• Fields and potentials

• Drift and diffusion currents

PN JUNCTIONS

• Band diagrams

• Poisson’s equation

• The Diode equation

• Junction and depletion capacitance

SOLAR CELLS AND PHOTODIODES

• Absorption and generation

• Device structure

• Device characteristics

BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS

• Band diagram

• Gain derivation

MOSFETS

• Device structure and operation

• Band diagrams: depletion, inversion, accumulation

• The CMOS gate

LEDs and LASER DIODES

• III-V semiconductors

• Device structure

Learning & Teaching

Learning & teaching methods

The tutorial sessions will be used for in class assignments, feedback sessions and additional tutorials.

Activity	Description	Hours
Lecture		36
Tutorial	In class assignments, feedback sessions and additional tutorials	12
Specialist Lab		15.8

Assessment

Assessment methods

The tutorial sessions will be used for in class assignments, feedback sessions and additional tutorials. They bill be also used for 3 in-class coursework assignments covering the syllabus.

The technical labs consider Semiconductor Spectroscopy and Solar Cells, addressing the above-listed learning outcomes.

Method	Hours	Percentage contribution
Technical Labs	-	15%
Assignments (3)	-	15%
	-	%
Exam	2 hours	70%

Referral Method: By examination

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ELEC1203 Mechanics

Module Overview

Aims of the module:

To introduce the students to fundamental concepts of mechanics.
To give the students an appreciation of the importance of mechanics in the context of electrical engineering.
To equip the students with basic techniques of engineering mechanics with emphasis on the application of these methods to the solution of typical problems.
To provide a foundation for more advanced topics in mechanics.

Aims & Objectives

Aims

Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed the module, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

A1. Basic concepts and principles in mechanics of solids
A2. Dynamics of particles and vehicles; rotation of a rigid body
A3. Energy and momentum conservation
A4. Statically determinate and indeterminate systems
A5. Relations between stress, strain and deformation
A6. Mechanical properties of matter
A7. Basics of beam design and structural analysis
A8. Applications of superposition principle
A9. Buckling and stability of columns
A10. Energy methods

Intellectual Skills

Having successfully completed the module, you will be able to:

B1. Derive particle and vehicle trajectory equations
B2. Predict motion of rigid bodies
B3. Calculate stresses and strains in mechanical systems
B4. Formulate stability criteria and explore mechanical instabilities
B5. Analyse simple mechanical systems
B6. Indentify failure criteria for mechanical systems
B7. Calculate beams deflection and twisting of shafts
B8. Apply superposition principle for analysis of combined loading

Subject Specific Skills

Having successfully completed the module, you will be able to:

C1. Explain the meaning and consequences of mechanics
C2. Demonstrate theory of mechanics applied to simple practical situations
C3. Explain the design principles for simple mechanical devices
C4. Apply mathematical methods and vector algebra to mechanical problems

Employability/Transferable/Key Skills

Having successfully completed the module, you will be able to:

D1. Work in a small team to conduct an experiment
D2. Operate simple instrumentation equipment

Syllabus

Introduction

Basic Concepts
Fundamental Laws
Units
Scalar & Vector

Particle Dynamics

Newton's Laws of Motion
Particle motion for constant and variable force
Energy and Momentum
Work done by Force
Kinetic and Potential Energy
Energy and Momentum Conservation
Friction
Linear Momentum
Collisions between particles

Dynamics of Rigid Bodies

Rotation of rigid body about a fixed axis
Angular Momentum
Conservation of Angular Momentum
Moments of inertia
Inertia Matrix

Mechanics of Engineering structures

Statics; structural and solid body component
Stress, strain and deformation; elastic and plastic deformation
Tension, compression and torsion
Determinate and indeterminate systems

Theory of Torsion

Solid and thin-walled cylinder; torque, shear stress and angle of twist

Two Dimensional Analysis of Stress

Stresses on a plane inclined to the direction of loading; normal and shear stresses
An element subjected to a general two dimensional stress system
Mohr's stress circle; principal stresses and planes; maximum shear stress.

Shearing Force, Bending Moment and Torque Diagrams

Sear force and bending moment diagrams; torsion of members
Relations between torque, shear stress & strain, angle of twist
Principle of superposition

Bending of Beams

Shear forces, bending moment distributions and deformation
Stress-strain relationship in pure bending
Section modulus and flexural rigidity, Properties of areas.
Deflection of beams due to bending moments, effects of support conditions, double-integration method and Macaulay's notations.
Beams made of dissimilar materials.
Eccentric loading and Asymmetrical bending.
Statically Indeterminate Beams.

Strain Energy

Elastic strain energy; normal stress and shear; strain energy in bending.
Buckling Buckling instability; effects of support conditions.

Learning & Teaching

Learning & teaching methods

Activity	Description	Hours
Lecture	3/week	36
Demonstration or Examples Session	1/week	12
Specialist Lab		6

Assessment

Assessment methods

These technical labs consider Stress, Strain and Structural Beam Theory, addressing the above-listed learning outcomes. They are conducted under the umbrella of ELEC1029 but the marks contribute towards this module.

Method	Hours	Percentage contribution
Technical Labs	-	10%
dynamics of particles	-	5%
statics and dynamics of rigid bodies	-	10%
Exam	2 hours	75%

Referral Method: By examination, with the original coursework mark being carried forward

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ELEC1202 Digital Systems and Microprocessors

Module Overview

To introduce digital system design, the principles of programmable logic devices, the implementation of combinational and sequential circuits, and the principles of hardware design using SystemVerilog, a state-of-the-art hardware description language.

Aims & Objectives

Aims

Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

Understand the logical behaviour of digital circuits.
Understand the advantages and disadvantages of programmable logic devices.
Know how to describe digital hardware using a software-style language.
Understand how a basic microprocessor can be built from standard building blocks.

Subject Specific Intellectual

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to:

Analyse combinational and sequential digital circuits.
Design combinational and sequential digital circuits.
Configure programmable logic devices using a hardware description language.
Meet this module's contribution to the subject specific intellectual learning outcomes of ELEC1029.

Transferable and Generic

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to:

Manage your time in a laboratory.
Present and explain your work in written reports.
Meet this module's contribution to the transferable and generic learning outcomes of ELEC1029.

Subject Specific Practical

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to:

Design combinational logic using Karnaugh maps.
Design sequential logic using ASM charts.
Design and verify combinational and sequential systems using SystemVerilog.
Use a number of electronic design automation tools.
Meet this module's contribution to the subject specific practical learning outcomes of ELEC1029.

Syllabus

Combinational Logic Design: Combinational logic gates Basic combinational design Minimisation Design nomenclature Design problems: glitches Introduction to Chip Design: Requirements of integrated circuits CMOS gates (NAND and NOR) System Verilog Sequential Logic Design: Sequential logic primitives Latches and flip-flops: edge, master-slave, non-overlapping clocks. Synchronous sequential systems Counters and shift registers State machines Algorithmic State Machine Design Generalised sequential circuitry Combinational Logic and Timing Sequential Logic and Timing Programmable Logic Devices Programmable Logic Arrays PLD architectures and technologies; ispGAL devices Introduction to SystemVerilog and practical PLD development Logic Simulation: Overview, schematic capture, test stimulus, generation and understanding of simulation results Modelling of hardware behaviour in software, Combinational and sequential implementations Software tools Hardware simulations using Modelsim Synthesis of combinational logic and simple state machines using Synplify PLD implementation using ispLever Hardware components of a microprocessor system (using AVR as a case study) Central processing unit: ALU, memory, input/output, Register-based architectures Instruction sets Assemblers Peripheral circuits and their modelling in SystemVerilog Tri-state buffers and buses, SystemVerilog examples

Learning & Teaching

Learning & teaching methods

Activity	Description	Hours
Lecture		36
Tutorial		12
Specialist Lab		27.8

Assessment

Assessment methods

These technical labs consider Discrete Digital Circuits, Bus Operation and Control, addressing the above-listed learning outcomes. They are conducted under the umbrella of ELEC1029 but the marks contribute towards this module.

The design exercise considers digital systems and microprocessors, addressing the above-listed learning outcomes. It is conducted under the umbrella of ELEC1029 but the marks contribute towards this module.

Skills labs are conducted under the umbrella of the zero-credit ELEC1029 module and address its learning outcomes. The marks contribute to a number of ELEC12xx modules, including this one.

Method	Hours	Percentage contribution
Technical Labs	-	10%
Design Exercise	-	10%
Problem Sheets	-	10%
Skills Labs	-	10%
Exam	2 hours	60%

Referral Method: By examination

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ELEC6237 System on Chip Electronic Design Automation

Module Overview

The aim of this course is to give a broad grounding in the principles and practice of System on Chip Design, with ephesis on secure hardware development

The first part of the module is intended to provide students with the experience of applying industry standard software tools to complete IC design from from conceptual design through to IC layout using and Cadence tools

The second part of the course is intended to cover the security and trust from hardware prespectives, we willl study the vunrebilities of modern systems on chip design flow and how these can become legitimate secuirity threats such as hardware trojans and physical attacks

Aims & Objectives

Aims

Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

Describe the system on chip design flow
Use industry standards Synosys and Cadence tools to implment a design from concept to silicon
Describe the main security threats from Hardware design prespectives
Review the states of the arts hardware secuirity method and devices

Syllabus

System On Chip Design Flow
Circuit Design Techniquies
Layout
Digital Simulation
RTL Synthesis
Automatic Place and Route
Fabrication
SoC Secuirity threat s
Hardware trojans
IP protections methods
Physical Unclonable Functions

Learning & Teaching

Learning & teaching methods

I am proposing to update 25% of the course contents in includes new teaching materilas on the topics of hardware secuirity of systems on chips

Activity	Description	Hours
Lecture	1-double lecture per week	24
Computer Lab	weekly labs to apply the principles in practice	24

Assessment

Assessment methods

Laboratory sessions are scheduled in the labs on level 2 of the Zepler building

Length of each session: 3 hours
Number of sessions completed by each student: 9
Max number of students per session: unlimited
Demonstrator:student ratio: 1:8
Preferred teaching weeks: 2 to 11

Method	Hours	Percentage contribution
IC design using Synopsys and cadence tools	-	65%
Hardware security assignment	-	25%
Lab	-	10%

Referral Method: By set coursework assignment(s)

The referral assessment willl consist of a new coursework on IC design using Synopsys and cadence tools.

The original marks of the remaining assessments will be carried foreward

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ELEC6236 Digital System Design

Module Overview

The aim of this module is to teach you how to design digital systems using modern design techniques. The following topics will be covered:

How SystemVerilog is interpreted for simulation and synthesis
How to use EDA tools to configure FPGAs
The principles of functional verification of digital systems
The principles of Built-In Self-Test and system-level design for test techniques

Aims & Objectives

Aims

On successfully completing this module, you will be able to:

Describe sequential digital systems in a hardware description language.
Validate a digital system using a simulator.
Synthesise a digital system to an FPGA.
Generate tests for a combinational digital circuit.
Understand how to include design for test structures in a sequential digital system.
Understand how to move data between clock domains.

Syllabus

Hardward Description Languages: SystemVerilog
Basic building blocks and language constructs
Register Transfer-Level Design
Controller/datapath partitioning
Synthesising designs to FPGAs
Simulation and synthesis principles
Test generation and design for test
Built in Test: Principles, structures, signature analysis
Multiple Clock Domains: Transferring data between clock domains.

Learning & Teaching

Learning & teaching methods

Activity	Description	Hours
Lecture		30
Computer Lab		6

Assessment

Assessment methods

Laboratory sessions are scheduled in the labs on level 2 of the Zepler building
Length of each session: 3 hours
Number of sessions completed by each student: 1
Max number of students per session: unlimited
Demonstrator:student ratio: 1:12
Preferred teaching weeks: 6 to 7

Method	Hours	Percentage contribution
Supervised Lab exercises	-	10%
Design exercise	-	20%
Exam	2 hours	70%

Referral Method: By examination, with the original coursework mark being carried forward

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ELEC6234 Embedded Processors

Module Overview

This module provides an introduction to modern techniques and industrial software tools used in embedded processor architecture synthesis of modern computer architectures.

Aims

This module gives a broad introduction to application-specific processor system design and illustrates the use of such processors in the broader context of complex digital systems
A significant portion of the module assessment is coursework where students will design a complete, practical processor system and demonstrate it on an FPGA platform
Introduction to modern embedded architectures such as ARM Cortex, OpenRISC, Altera NIOS and Xilinx picoBlaze will be given

Aims & Objectives

Aims

Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

Embedded processor architecture design, including instruction set design, arithmetic hardware, instruction decoding, branching, I/O multi-processing; modern industrial embedded processors such as ARM Cortex, Altera NIOS and Xilinx picoBlaze, picoMIPS

Subject Specific Intellectual

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to:

Design application-specific modern processor architectures that are fit-for-purpose in embedded applications and optimised for size and performance.

Transferable and Generic

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to:

Show a mature approach to the design, verification and evaluation of complex digital systems.

Subject Specific Practical

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to:

Use modern FPGA synthesis tools to evaluate and verify designs, develop and test processor designs on an FPGA development platform.

Syllabus

Revision of RISC architecture principles
Processor RTL hardware blocks
Control path, Program Counter and Program Memory,
Data path, ALU, Register files, caches, memories, synchronous RAM in processor designs
Embedded hardware blocks, hardware multipliers, DSP blocks
Instruction set and instruction decoder
Performance analysis, design for low energy consumption
Soft microprocessor cores
Altera NIOS, Xilinx picoBlaze, ARM Cortex-M1, OpenRISC
Application Specific PicoMIPS concept and examples
Multi and many-core embedded processor system
Application case studies

Learning & Teaching

Learning & teaching methods

Activity	Description	Hours
Lecture		36
Tutorial		6

Assessment

Assessment methods

Laboratory sessions are scheduled in the labs on level 2 of the Zepler building
Length of each session: 15 minutes
Number of sessions completed by each student: 1
Max number of students per session: 8
Demonstrator:student ratio: 1:1
Preferred teaching weeks: 10 to 11

Method	Hours	Percentage contribution
picoMIPS synthesis	-	50%
Exam	2 hours	50%

Referral Method: By examination

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ELEC6233 Digital Systems Synthesis

Module Overview

To describe the design of complex digital systems using a (SystemVerilog and SystemC based) behavioural synthesis approach.
To provide understanding of the algorithms which underpin behavioural synthesis including scheduling, allocation and binding.
To gain hands-on experience in the application of behavioural synthesis to generate designs optimised for user-defined constraints.
To describe digital design for testability techniques at the behavioural and RTL levels.
To provide an overview of emerging SoC design and test methods.
To describe system level low power design methods.

Aims & Objectives

Aims

Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

Advanced digital synthesis techniques including, low power techniques, the use of SystemVerilog and SystemC in digital system design

Subject Specific Intellectual

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to:

Understand techniques for digital system behavioural synthesis, verification and performance evaluation

Subject Specific Practical

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to:

Hands-on experience of optimised behavioural synthesis for user defined constraints, such as power consumption, performance, size.

Disciplinary Specific

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to:

Gain understanding of modern emerging System-on-Chip design methods

Syllabus

Review of hardware description languages and behavioural synthesis of digital systems (SystemVerilog, SystemC, Bluespec).
Behavioural synthesis data structures and algorithms
- Data and control flow representations
- Data flow graph (DFG) descriptions
- Control data flow graph (CDFG) descriptions
- Extended Petri-net models
Synthesis and design space
- Design space exploration
- Constructive vs. transformational/iterative techniques
- Behavioural optimisation
- Scheduling, allocation, module binding and controller synthesis

Scheduling and binding algorithms

Unconstrained and constrained scheduling
Scheduling of multicycled and pipelined functional modules
Allocation and binding algorithms
Interconnect allocation and optimisation
Overview of transformational/iterative approaches (simulated annealing, genetic algorithms)

Design for testability

Design for Testability: scan-based and built-in-self-test (BIST) techniques
Test scheduling, test controllers, on-line test

Low power design of IP core for SoC applications, development of a high-level synthesis system.

Learning & Teaching

Learning & teaching methods

Activity	Description	Hours
Lecture		36
Tutorial		12

Assessment

Assessment methods

Method	Hours	Percentage contribution
Low Power Lab	-	10%
Complex system synthesis	-	40%
Exam	2 hours	50%

Referral Method: By examination and a new coursework assignment

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ELEC6232 Analogue and Mixed Signal CMOS Design

Module Overview

The key aim of this module is to provide the background and the methods for the understanding of the operation of basic analogue CMOS cells, and how to design common functions. The emphasis is placed on design of analogue functions specifically as part of mixed signal systems.

Only a few “Digital” CMOS ICs are actually completely digital; most have some analogue functions, often signal conditioning and data conversion interfaces, but maybe only a clock oscillator. The approach adopted is based on “bottom-up” approach, by encouraging a sound understanding of the analogue behaviour of devices and a range of fundamental circuit principles, with the emphasis on gaining skills at first order design by hand as a starting point for simulation and as guidance for optimisation.

Device models suitable for hand calculation are considered as well as their limits of applicability. The methods for manufacturability and robustness in design are given high priority.

Functions addressed include primitive cells, biasing and references, op-amp designs, sampled and continuous time filters, A/D and D/A converters

Pre-Requisite Knowledge:

• Basic MOS transistor construction and physics

• Basic MOS transistor large and small signal models

• DC and AC network analysis skills

• Behavioural level understanding of Op-Amp circuits

• Elementary appreciation of sampled data systems

• Basic circuit simulation CAD skills (SPICE)

Aims & Objectives

Aims

Learning Objectives:

On successful completion of the module, students will have obtained an appreciation of:

• Active and passive components available in CMOS and their parasitic elements of first order transistor modelling for initial manual design and the limits of applicability

• Behaviour and design of basic analogue circuit primitives, including quantitative treatment of matching

• CMOS Op-Amp design, from single ended to full differential structures

• Signal and bias handling for noise immunity in mixed signal substrate

• Switched capacitor techniques

• Practical issues in voltage and current scaling A/D and D/A converters

• SD modulator operation and design

• PLL circuits suitable for clock generation

Syllabus

CMOS Technology and MOS Transistor Model Review

Amplifier Basics

Current Mirrors

Reference Circuits

Matching

Op-Amp Design

Comparators

Switched Capacitor Techniques for Data Conversion

Nyquist A/D and D/A Converters

Sigma-Delta A/D and D/A Converters

PLLs for IC Clock Generation

Crystal Oscillators

Learning & Teaching

Learning & teaching methods

Activity	Description	Hours
Lecture		30
Demonstration or Examples Session	Design exercises to develop the skills in hand calculation as the basis for simulation and optimisation. There will be direct interaction and opportunities for 1:1 questions during these clases.	6

Assessment

Assessment methods

Method	Hours	Percentage contribution
Design Assignment	-	25%
Exam	2 hours	75%

Referral Method: By examination

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ELEC6228 Applied Control Systems

Module Overview

This module will introduce the student to key topics within control and signal processing, developing understanding through a combination of theoretical content and practical application.

The theoretical content is focussed in a number of key themes within the areas of system identification and control, encompassing fundamental theory together with application examples and case-studies. Emphasis is placed on guided background reading using supplied references and worked examples, to broaden and expand underlying knowledge, and enable students to apply it to practical situations.

The second component of the module involves working in small groups to apply these techniques to real-world systems, and is supported through core material related to real-time hardware and the practical implementation of signal processing and control schemes. Each group will be given a practical control problem which will require design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of the theoretical approaches studied. This motivates and stimulates deep understanding of the theory through direct practical experience, and allows students to directly come into contact with and address issues related to real-world implementation.

In the final component of the module, each group will present details of their practical work in a seminar to their peers, describing the experimental design process, additional theoretical content, implementation issues encountered, and the experimental results gained. This will enable them to critically evaluate the approaches of others.

Aims & Objectives

Aims

Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed the module, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

Elements involved in real-time control, including hardware, software and data transfer
Practical performance issues, performance criteria and iterative testing

Intellectual skills

Having successfully completed the module, you will be able to:

Express practical performance criteria in terms of control design specifications
Apply advanced control methodologies to practical problems
Interpret and refine solutions based on experimental test results

Subject specific skills

Having successfully completed the module, you will be able to:

Derive models that capture the underlying characteristics of a practical problem
Apply theoretical principles to derive control solutions to the problem
Implement the controller in real-time
Assess the quality of the results in practice

Employability/Transferable/Key Skills

Having successfully completed the module, you will be able to:

Work in a small team to solve a practical control problem
Write a report which describes the problem, and motivates the solution applied, and contains full detail of the application and validation of the proposed method
Present and explain theoretical solutions and practical results to the class
Critique other group’s work from theoretical and practical perspectives

Syllabus

The module is presented through 6 lectures of core material (“Introduction” and “Real-time implementation issues”), together with 18 lectures covering three themes within Control and Identification. These three topics will each be presented in 6 lectures, and will operate in rotation from the six given below. The final component of the course will be seminars given by each group.

Introduction [3 lectures]

Review of control systems components, performance criteria and implementation issues
Overview of system identification methods, modelling for control, iterative testing and refinement
Choice of control structure, overview and comparison of control methodologies
Practical issues, software programming and hardware
Examples of practical systems, and control system implementation

Real-time implementation issues [3 lectures]

Overview of real-time commercial hardware, selection criteria and functionality
Noise reduction, signal conditioning, sampling, actuator limitations
Use of Matlab and Simulink in real-time control
Guide to Real-time Workshop, tutorial and FAQs
Overview of report writing

Optimal Control [6 lectures]

Linear Quadratic Regulator: Problem Formulation
State Estimation
Solution Implementations
Introduction to the Minimum Principle
Linear Quadratic Tracking: Problem formulation
Solution Implementations
Practical applications and examples
References and further reading

Model Predictive Control [6 lectures]

Linear convex optimal control
Finite horizon approximation
Model predictive control
Fast MPC implementations
Practical applications and examples
References and further reading

Iterative Learning Control [6 lectures]

Motivation and application example
Frequency domain ILC
Time domain Iterative Learning Control
Extension for Nonlinear systems: Newton-based ILC
Non-minimum phase experimental example
Rehabilitation experimental example
References and further reading

Data-driven Control [6 lectures]

Model-based versus data-based control approaches
The data-driven approach
Identifiability and persistency of excitation
Solution of data-driven LQ finite-horizon control problem
Hankel matrix
Optimality of state feedback
Examples
References and further reading

Adaptive control [6 lectures]

Theadaptive control problem
Real-time parameter estimation
Self-tuning regulators
Model-reference adaptive control
Applications examples
Directed further reading

Multivariable Control [6 lectures]

Introduction to multivariable control
MIMO transfer functions, frequency response, relative gain array, RHP zeros
Introduction to MIMO robustness
Limitations on MIMO performance
Robust stability and performance analysis for MIMO systems
Controller designs (LQG, H₂ and H_∞ control)
Practical case studies
Directed further reading

Student Seminars [12 lectures]

Each group writes a report detailing their work and present a seminar to the cohort, including:

How they have applied the theoretical aspects to their testbed in order to achieve the goals presented to them
How they tackled implementation issues
How they have used background reading to improve their designs
Evaluation of the experimental results achieved
Use of results to refine their designs
Practical demonstration
Question and answer session

Learning & Teaching

Learning & teaching methods

Activity	Description	Hours
Lecture	Underlying course material is presented in 36 lectures (24 lectures and 12 presentation seminars).	36
Tutorial	The lecture material is supported by tutorial sessions that will go through examples given in the lectures.	12

Assessment

Assessment methods

Method	Hours	Percentage contribution
Coursework sheet associated with each of the 3 control topics	-	30%
Group report of the experimental component	-	50%
Seminar presentation session given by each group	-	10%
Written critique of another group’s work	-	10%

Referral Method: By set coursework assignment(s)

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ELEC6227 Medical Electrical and Electronic Technologies

Module Overview

This module aims to provide an in-depth understanding, appropriate to an engineer, of medical technologies for clinical applications and an understanding of the electrical hazards to human health.

Aims & Objectives

Aims

Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

human anatomy and physiology (appropriate to an engineer)
physical/electrical properties of human tissues and organs including their biological function
electrical and electronic methods for biomolecular and cellular based analytical and diagnostic applications
physiological measurement

Subject Specific Intellectual

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to:

the application and operation of medical imaging systems, monitoring and in vivo sensing systems, drug delivery
health related hazards of electrical and electronic devices; nature and approaches taken for hazard management

Transferable and Generic

Having successfully completed this module, you will be able to:

regulation, standardisation of medical technologies and requirements for bringing new technologies to market.

Syllabus

Anatomy

o anatomical terminology

o structural level of the human body

o muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardio-vascular, respiratory systems

• Physiological instrumentation

o measurement systems

o biopotentials (to include ECG, EMG, EEG and neurostimulation methods)

o cardiovascular instrumentation (to include pacemakers, pressure, dissolved gas measurement)

o biosensing approaches related to remote and intelligent sensing (including evolving technologies i.e. drug delivery, diabetic monitoring, epilepsy and pain management)

o neurological processes, measurement and stimulation

o brain function and memory

• Imaging technology

o X-Ray, gamma camera

o nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

o ultrasound imaging, including doppler ultrasound

• Bioanalysis, diagnostic methods

o electrophoresis, isoelectric focussing as applied to genomic and proteomic applications

o nuclear magnetic resonance imaging as applied to metabolomics applications

o biophotonic methods for analysis and imaging

o overview of urine, blood and tissue based clinical diagnostic tests

• Biohazards of electrical and electronic devices and related technology

o electrical safety, particularly for medical applications

o electrical environmental hazards and methods for managing these

o radiation hazards

• Sources of information and regulations with regard to medical devices

o Reports and investigations with respect to electrical/electronic technology on human health aspects

o Patent, academic and other research sources for medical technologies

o Regulations, standards, and approaches for taking devices from the research lab to the clinic

Learning & Teaching

Learning & teaching methods

Activity	Description	Hours
Lecture		24
Tutorial		12

Assessment

Assessment methods

Method	Hours	Percentage contribution
Report on Health Hazards of one electrical/electronic technology	-	33%
Report on one existing medical imaging technology and approaches being considered for improvement/development	-	33%
Report on new emerging medical technologies	-	33%

Referral Method: By set coursework assignment(s)

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